Osartil 50 Plus (50pcs Box)

✔️ Uses of Osartil 50 Plus

Control of High Blood Pressure.

✔️ How does Osartil 50 Plus work?

Losartan (Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker):

• Action: Displaces angiotensin II from its binding site at the AT1 receptor subtype.
• Result: Blocks actions of angiotensin II, responsible for known effects on blood vessels (vasoconstriction) and fluid balance.

Hydrochlorothiazide (Thiazide-like Diuretic):

• Action: Inhibits sodium-chloride symporter SLC12A3 in the distal convoluted tubule.
• Result: Prevents water reabsorption in the nephron.

Symporter Function:

• Reabsorbs sodium, creating an osmotic gradient for water reabsorption.
• Inhibition prevents water reabsorption, promoting increased urine output.

Combined Effect:

• Losartan and Hydrochlorothiazide act synergistically.
• Losartan blocks the vasoconstrictive effects of angiotensin II.
• Hydrochlorothiazide promotes diuresis by inhibiting water reabsorption.

This combined action contributes to lowering blood pressure, a key goal in treating essential hypertension. The medication targets both the vasoconstrictive and fluid retention aspects associated with high blood pressure.

✔️ Side Effects of Osartil 50 Plus

Nausea, taste change, upset stomach, diarrhea, headache, dizziness, weakness, decreased blood pressure, glucose intolerance, electrolyte imbalance, increased blood uric acid, increased blood lipid level.

✔️ Duration for Effect of Osartil 50 Plus

• Typically realized three weeks after therapy initiation.

✔️ Hypertension

Symptoms Of Hypertension: Hypertension, often referred to as the "silent killer," may not cause noticeable symptoms in many cases. However, when symptoms do occur, they can include:

1. Headache: Persistent and severe headaches may be a symptom of high blood pressure.
2. Dyspnea (Shortness of Breath): Difficulty in breathing or shortness of breath.
3. Dizziness: Feeling lightheaded or dizzy.
4. Nosebleeds: Occasional or frequent nosebleeds.
5. Changes in Vision: Blurred vision or changes in eyesight.
6. Chest Pain: Chest discomfort or pain may occur in some cases.
7. Fatigue: Persistent tiredness or weakness.
8. Swelling in the Legs and Feet: Fluid retention leads to swelling, particularly in the lower extremities.
9. Abnormal Heart Sounds: Changes in heart rhythm or sounds.

Risk Factors For Hypertension:

Modifiable Risk Factors:

1. Cigarette Smoking: Both active and passive (secondhand) smoking.
2. Diabetes Mellitus: The presence of diabetes increases the risk.
3. Dyslipidemia/Hypercholesterolemia: Abnormal lipid levels contribute.
4. Overweight/Obesity: Excess body weight is a significant risk factor.
5. Physical Inactivity/Low Fitness: Lack of regular exercise.
6. Unhealthy Diet: High sodium, low potassium diet.
7. Excessive Alcohol Consumption: Heavy alcohol use can contribute.

Non-Modifiable Risk Factors:

1. Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Impaired kidney function increases risk.
2. Family History: Presence of hypertension in close relatives.
3. Increased Age: Risk increases with advancing age.
4. Low Socioeconomic/Educational Status: Social and economic factors may play a role.
5. Globalization, Urbanization: Lifestyle changes associated with urban living.
6. Gender: While hypertension affects both genders, it may be more prevalent in men.
7. Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A sleep disorder associated with an increased risk.

Causes Of Hypertension:

1. Primary (Essential) Hypertension:

• Gradual development over many years.
• No identifiable cause.
• Often related to genetic, environmental, behavioral, and dietary factors.

2. Secondary Hypertension:

• Caused by an underlying condition or medication.
• Conditions include kidney disease, adrenal gland tumors, thyroid problems, congenital defects, certain medications, etc.

Types Of Hypertension:

1. Normal Blood Pressure:

• Systolic BP < 120 mm Hg, Diastolic BP < 80 mm Hg.

2. Elevated Blood Pressure:

• Systolic BP 120 – 129 mm Hg, Diastolic BP < 80 mm Hg.

3. Stage 1 Hypertension:

• Systolic BP 130 – 139 mm Hg, Diastolic BP 80 – 89 mm Hg.

4. Stage 2 Hypertension:

• Systolic BP ≥ 140 mm Hg, Diastolic BP ≥ 90 mm Hg.

5. Hypertensive Crisis:

• Urgent medical attention is required.
• Systolic BP > 180 mm Hg, Diastolic BP > 120 mm Hg.

Resistant Vs. Refractory Hypertension:

• Resistant Hypertension: Blood pressure remains high despite three antihypertensive agents.
• Refractory Hypertension: Uncontrolled blood pressure despite the use of five or more antihypertensive medications.

Diagnosis Of Hypertension:

• Diagnosis based on blood pressure measurements.
• Hypertension is typically diagnosed when systolic BP ≥ 140 mm Hg or diastolic BP ≥ 90 mm Hg on two or more separate days.
• Average systolic BP ≥ 130 mm Hg or diastolic BP ≥ 80 mm Hg is considered elevated.
• Laboratory tests, including blood glucose, lipid profile, kidney function tests, and others, may be conducted for further evaluation.

Hypertension is often treated with lifestyle modifications and, if necessary, medications. Early detection and management are crucial in preventing complications such as heart disease, stroke, and kidney disease. Regular monitoring and adherence to prescribed treatments are essential for controlling hypertension.

✔️ Pharmacology

• Angiotensin II: Vasoconstrictor; losartan inhibits its binding to AT1 receptors.
• Hydrochlorothiazide: Thiazide diuretic; increases sodium and chloride excretion.
• Combination Effects: Manages blood pressure through complementary mechanisms.

✔️ Dosage & Administration of Osartil 50 Plus

Hypertension:

• Initial: 50/12.5 once daily; adjust to 100/25 if needed.
• Inadequate response to Losartan 100 mg monotherapy: Shift to 100/12.5.
• Initial for left ventricular hypertrophy: 50/12.5; escalate if required.
• Maximum: 100/25 once daily.

Severe Hypertension:

• Initial: 50/12.5 once daily; may increase to 100/25 if needed.
• Maximum: 100/25 once daily.

Elderly:

• No initial dosage adjustment is required.
• Avoid using 100/25 once daily as the first course for older patients.

This can be taken with or without food; daily consistency is crucial.

✔️ Interaction

• Losartan Potassium: No significant harmful interactions were found.
• Alcohol/Barbiturates/Narcotics: May potentiate orthostatic hypotension.
• Antidiabetic Medicines: The dosage may need adjustment.
• Other Antihypertensive Drugs: Potentiation or additive effect.
• Cholestyramine with Colestipol Resins: Hinders Hydrochlorothiazide absorption.

✔️ Contraindications

• Hypersensitivity to either drug.
• Anuria or hypersensitivity to sulfonamide-derived medications (due to Hydrochlorothiazide).

✔️ Pregnancy & Lactation

• Pregnancy: Avoid unless necessary; associated with fetal abnormalities.
• Lactation: Not indicated while nursing; alternative therapy options advised.

✔️ Precautions & Warnings

• Hypersensitivity leading to angioedema.
• Regular serum electrolyte measurement is recommended.
• Caution with brisk diuresis, severe cirrhosis, or long-term medication to prevent hypokalemia.
• Renal impairment and symptomatic hypotension.
• Stay hydrated; report severe thirst, dry mouth, or muscle weakness.

✔️ Storage Conditions

• Avoid temperatures above 30°C.
• Keep out of children's reach.